August 11, 2023

Introduction: Value Added Tax (VAT) is a pivotal component of Nigeria’s taxation system, extending its impact to diverse sectors, including healthcare. Healthcare providers, whether hospitals, clinics, or medical practitioners, must navigate the complexities of VAT compliance to manage their financial operations effectively. In this article, we will delve into the key considerations that healthcare providers in Nigeria should bear in mind to ensure seamless VAT compliance. VAT in Nigeria: A Brief Overview VAT is a consumption tax levied on the value added to goods and services at different stages of production and distribution. The VAT Act of 1993 (as amended) governs the administration of VAT in Nigeria. Healthcare services, as essential as they are, may be subject to specific VAT rules. VAT Compliance for Healthcare Providers: For healthcare providers in Nigeria, achieving VAT compliance necessitates a thorough understanding of relevant regulations: Expert Assistance for Healthcare Providers: Given the intricate nature of VAT compliance for healthcare services, seeking guidance from experienced accounting professionals can prove invaluable. Professionals can provide insights tailored to the unique needs of healthcare providers, ensuring accurate compliance and optimized financial management. Conclusion: VAT compliance is a critical consideration for healthcare providers in Nigeria, as it impacts financial operations and overall sustainability. By understanding the nuances of VAT regulations, differentiating between exempt and taxable services, monitoring input and output VAT, maintaining meticulous records, and adhering to VAT return deadlines, healthcare providers can navigate the complexities of VAT regulations successfully. As healthcare continues to play a pivotal role in Nigeria’s development, providers that prioritize proper VAT compliance contribute not only to their own financial health but also to the well-being of the communities they serve. For professional advice on Accountancy, Transfer Pricing, Tax, Assurance, Outsourcing, online accounting support, Company Registration, and CAC matters, please contact Sunmola David & CO (Chartered Accountants & Tax Practitioners) at Lagos, Ogun state Nigeria offices, www.sunmoladavid.com. You can also reach us via WhatsApp at +2348038460036.

Introduction: Value Added Tax (VAT) is a cornerstone of Nigeria’s tax system, affecting a multitude of industries, including the insurance sector. For Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) engaging with insurance services, understanding the intricacies of VAT is crucial to ensure compliance and sound financial management. In this article, we delve into the essential considerations that Nigerian SMEs should keep in mind when navigating the VAT treatment of insurance services. VAT in Nigeria: A Brief Overview VAT is a consumption tax levied on the value added to goods and services at various stages of production and distribution. Governed by the VAT Act of 1993 (as amended), VAT is a key revenue source for the Nigerian government. While certain financial services are exempt from VAT, insurance services are typically subject to VAT at a standard rate. VAT Treatment of Insurance Services: Navigating VAT in the insurance sector requires SMEs to address specific factors to ensure proper compliance: Professional Guidance for SMEs: Understanding the nuances of VAT treatment for insurance services can be challenging. Engaging the services of knowledgeable accounting professionals can provide SMEs with valuable insights, ensuring accurate compliance and optimizing VAT management. Conclusion: For Nigerian SMEs operating in the insurance sector, mastering VAT compliance is not only a legal obligation but a strategic necessity. By comprehending the VAT treatment of insurance services, distinguishing between exempt and taxable offerings, tracking input VAT, maintaining meticulous records, and adhering to VAT return deadlines, SMEs can navigate the complexities of VAT regulations effectively. As the insurance industry continues to evolve in Nigeria, SMEs that prioritize proper VAT compliance will not only enhance their financial standing but also contribute to the sector’s growth and stability. For professional advice on Accountancy, Transfer Pricing, Tax, Assurance, Outsourcing, online accounting support, Company Registration, and CAC matters, please contact Sunmola David & CO (Chartered Accountants & Tax Practitioners) at Lagos, Ogun state Nigeria offices, www.sunmoladavid.com. You can also reach us via WhatsApp at +2348038460036.

Introduction: Value Added Tax (VAT) is a critical aspect of Nigeria’s taxation system that impacts various sectors, including the vibrant hospitality industry. Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) within this sector, including hotels, restaurants, and other accommodation providers, must be well-versed in VAT compliance to ensure financial stability and growth. In this article, we will explore the key considerations SMEs in the hospitality industry should keep in mind to navigate VAT regulations successfully. VAT in Nigeria: A Brief Overview VAT is a consumption tax levied on the value added to goods and services at each stage of production and distribution. It serves as a significant source of revenue for the Nigerian government. The VAT Act of 1993 (as amended) outlines the rules and regulations governing VAT administration in Nigeria. VAT Compliance for SMEs in the Hospitality Industry: For SMEs in the hospitality industry, achieving VAT compliance requires careful attention to various aspects of their operations: Seeking Professional Guidance: Navigating VAT compliance can be complex for SMEs in the hospitality industry. Engaging the services of experienced accounting professionals can provide invaluable assistance in ensuring accurate compliance, optimizing VAT management, and avoiding costly mistakes. Conclusion: For SMEs in Nigeria’s hospitality industry, VAT compliance is not just a legal obligation but a crucial aspect of their financial operations. By understanding the nuances of VAT regulations, categorizing services correctly, tracking input and output VAT, maintaining accurate records, and submitting timely returns, these businesses can streamline their VAT processes and focus on delivering exceptional experiences to their customers. As the hospitality sector continues to play a pivotal role in Nigeria’s economy, mastering VAT compliance will contribute to the long-term success and sustainability of SMEs within the industry. For professional advice on Accountancy, Transfer Pricing, Tax, Assurance, Outsourcing, online accounting support, Company Registration, and CAC matters, please contact Sunmola David & CO (Chartered Accountants & Tax Practitioners) at Lagos, Ogun state Nigeria offices, www.sunmoladavid.com. You can also reach us via WhatsApp at +2348038460036.

Introduction: Value Added Tax (VAT) is a fundamental component of Nigeria’s tax system, and its implications extend to various sectors, including education. Educational institutions play a crucial role in shaping the nation’s future, and understanding the nuances of VAT compliance is essential to their financial management. In this article, we will delve into the key considerations that educational institutions in Nigeria should keep in mind to ensure seamless VAT compliance. VAT in Nigeria: A Brief Overview VAT is a consumption tax levied on the value added to goods and services at each stage of production or distribution. It is a significant revenue source for the Nigerian government, and its administration is governed by the VAT Act of 1993 (as amended). Educational institutions, both public and private, are not exempt from VAT, and they need to adhere to certain rules and regulations to stay compliant. VAT Compliance for Educational Institutions: When it comes to VAT compliance, educational institutions need to address specific aspects to avoid penalties and ensure their financial health: Conclusion: VAT compliance for educational institutions in Nigeria is a multifaceted task that demands meticulous attention to detail. As these institutions contribute significantly to the country’s human capital development, it is imperative that they operate within the bounds of VAT regulations to maintain financial stability and uphold their reputation. Seeking guidance from experienced accounting professionals with a deep understanding of Nigerian VAT laws is a prudent step. By ensuring accurate record-keeping, timely reporting, and informed decision-making, educational institutions can navigate the complexities of VAT compliance successfully, enabling them to focus on their core mission of nurturing future generations. For professional advice on Accountancy, Transfer Pricing, Tax, Assurance, Outsourcing, online accounting support, Company Registration, and CAC matters, please contact Sunmola David & CO (Chartered Accountants & Tax Practitioners) at Lagos, Ogun state Nigeria offices, www.sunmoladavid.com. You can also reach us via WhatsApp at +2348038460036.

Introduction: Value Added Tax (VAT) is a significant component of Nigeria’s taxation framework, affecting various industries, including the real estate sector. Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in Nigeria’s economic growth, and as they engage in real estate transactions, understanding the implications of VAT becomes essential. This article aims to shed light on the key considerations SMEs should bear in mind when navigating VAT in real estate transactions in Nigeria. Understanding VAT in Nigeria: Value Added Tax is a consumption tax imposed on the value added at each stage of the supply chain, from production to final consumption. In Nigeria, the VAT Act of 1993 (as amended) governs the administration of VAT. VAT is collected by businesses on behalf of the government and is typically passed on to the consumers. VAT and Real Estate Transactions: The real estate sector in Nigeria has experienced significant growth in recent years, making it a focal point for both local and foreign investors. VAT implications arise at various stages of a real estate transaction, including land acquisition, construction, and property sale or lease. SMEs engaged in real estate activities must consider the following VAT aspects: Conclusion: SMEs in Nigeria’s real estate sector should approach VAT considerations with diligence and awareness. Navigating VAT in real estate transactions requires a comprehensive understanding of the relevant laws and regulations. Consulting with tax professionals or accounting firms well-versed in Nigerian VAT regulations is strongly advised to ensure compliance, accurate calculations, and optimized financial management. As SMEs continue to contribute to Nigeria’s economic growth, mastering VAT in real estate will be a pivotal factor in their success within this dynamic industry. For professional advice on Accountancy, Transfer Pricing, Tax, Assurance, Outsourcing, online accounting support, Company Registration, and CAC matters, please contact Sunmola David & CO (Chartered Accountants & Tax Practitioners) at Lagos, Ogun state Nigeria offices, www.sunmoladavid.com. You can also reach us via WhatsApp at +2348038460036.

Introduction: The oil and gas industry is a cornerstone of Nigeria’s economy, contributing significantly to government revenue and foreign exchange earnings. Recognizing the importance of this sector, the Nigeria Finance Act 2019 introduced several changes to the taxation of oil and gas companies. These changes have implications for exploration, production, and other activities within the industry. In this article, we will delve into the key modifications to the taxation framework for oil and gas companies brought about by the Finance Act 2019. 1. Changes in Petroleum Profits Tax (PPT): The Finance Act 2019 introduced adjustments to the Petroleum Profits Tax (PPT) regime. The Act now allows for the deduction of investments made in gas utilization projects from assessable profits, encouraging the development of the gas sector. This change promotes diversification within the oil and gas industry and aligns with Nigeria’s efforts to harness its gas resources for domestic and export purposes. 2. Deductibility of Gas Flare Penalties: The Act also permits oil and gas companies to deduct gas flare penalties from their assessable profits. This measure incentivizes companies to reduce gas flaring, which has environmental and economic implications. By making penalties deductible, the Act encourages companies to invest in technologies and practices that minimize gas flaring and promote environmental sustainability. 3. Ring-Fencing Provisions: The Finance Act 2019 introduced ring-fencing provisions for the purposes of petroleum operations. These provisions limit the offset of expenses incurred in one petroleum operation against income from another operation. The ring-fencing rules aim to prevent the excessive transfer of losses from one operation to another and promote accountability and transparency in reporting. 4. Transfer Pricing and Thin Capitalization: Oil and gas companies engaging in related-party transactions must adhere to the transfer pricing rules introduced by the Finance Act 2019. These rules ensure that transactions between related parties are conducted at arm’s length, preventing profit shifting and tax base erosion. Additionally, the Act includes thin capitalization rules to restrict the deduction of interest expenses on related-party debt. 5. Tax Incentives and Investment Promotion: While the Finance Act 2019 introduces changes to the taxation of oil and gas companies, it also includes provisions that promote investment and exploration activities. The Act provides incentives for companies engaged in marginal fields, encouraging exploration in less-explored areas. These incentives contribute to increased domestic oil and gas production and support Nigeria’s energy security. 6. Compliance and Professional Guidance: The changes introduced by the Finance Act 2019 necessitate a comprehensive understanding of the evolving tax framework for oil and gas companies. Compliance with the new provisions, accurate tax calculations, and proper record-keeping are essential to avoid penalties and legal consequences. Seeking professional guidance from accounting and tax experts is crucial for navigating the complexities of the revised taxation regime. Conclusion: The Nigeria Finance Act 2019 introduces important changes to the taxation of oil and gas companies, reflecting the government’s commitment to promoting responsible and sustainable development within the sector. The adjustments to the Petroleum Profits Tax regime, deductions for gas utilization projects, and incentives for exploration all contribute to the growth and efficiency of the industry. By aligning with the new tax provisions and making informed investment decisions, oil and gas companies can contribute to Nigeria’s energy security, economic prosperity, and sustainable development goals. The changes introduced by the Finance Act 2019 create opportunities for the industry to thrive while supporting the country’s overall growth and development. For professional advice on Accountancy, Transfer Pricing, Tax, Assurance, Outsourcing, online accounting support, Company Registration, and CAC matters, please contact Sunmola David & CO (Chartered Accountants & Tax Practitioners) at Lagos, Ogun state Nigeria offices, www.sunmoladavid.com. You can also reach us via WhatsApp at +2348038460036.

Introduction: Excise duties play a significant role in revenue generation for governments while also serving as a tool for regulating consumption of specific goods. The Nigeria Finance Act 2019 introduced important updates to the country’s excise duty regime, impacting manufacturers, importers, distributors, and consumers of excisable goods. In this article, we will explore the key updates on excise duties brought about by the Finance Act 2019 and their implications for businesses and individuals in Nigeria. 1. Broadened Scope of Excisable Goods: The Finance Act 2019 expanded the range of goods subject to excise duties. Previously, excise duties primarily applied to alcoholic beverages and tobacco products. However, the Act now includes additional items such as carbonated drinks and certain non-alcoholic beverages. This broadening of the excisable goods category reflects the government’s efforts to address public health concerns and generate revenue from a wider range of products. 2. Introduction of Specific Excise Duty Rates: The Act introduced specific excise duty rates for various excisable goods. These rates vary depending on the type of product and its packaging. For instance, carbonated drinks are subject to a specific excise duty rate per litre, while tobacco products continue to be taxed based on ad valorem rates. It is essential for businesses to accurately determine the correct duty rates applicable to their products. 3. Impact on Manufacturers and Importers: Manufacturers and importers of excisable goods need to stay informed about the new excise duty rates and ensure compliance with the regulations. Failure to accurately calculate and remit excise duties can result in penalties and legal consequences. Manufacturers must incorporate the updated duty rates into their pricing strategies to avoid potential financial implications. 4. Consumer Price Considerations: The introduction of new or increased excise duty rates may lead to changes in the retail prices of excisable goods. Consumers may experience higher prices for products such as carbonated drinks, which now attract excise duties. This impact on consumer prices can influence purchasing behavior and consumption patterns. 5. Revenue Generation and Public Health Objectives: The Finance Act 2019’s updates on excise duties align with the government’s dual objectives of revenue generation and public health promotion. Higher taxes on products such as carbonated drinks aim to discourage excessive consumption while contributing to government revenue. These measures also support initiatives to address health issues related to consumption of certain goods. 6. Compliance and Record-Keeping: Compliance with excise duty regulations is crucial for businesses involved in the production, import, or distribution of excisable goods. Adequate record-keeping, accurate calculation of excise duties, and timely remittance are essential to avoid penalties and ensure smooth business operations. Conclusion: The Nigeria Finance Act 2019 brings significant updates to the excise duty regime, affecting manufacturers, importers, distributors, and consumers of excisable goods. The broadened scope of excisable goods and the introduction of specific excise duty rates reflect the government’s commitment to both revenue generation and public health objectives. By accurately calculating and remitting excise duties, businesses can contribute to government revenue while aligning with public health initiatives. Adhering to the excise duty regulations not only supports responsible business practices but also contributes to Nigeria’s overall economic development and the well-being of its citizens. For professional advice on Accountancy, Transfer Pricing, Tax, Assurance, Outsourcing, online accounting support, Company Registration, and CAC matters, please contact Sunmola David & CO (Chartered Accountants & Tax Practitioners) at Lagos, Ogun state Nigeria offices, www.sunmoladavid.com. You can also reach us via WhatsApp at +2348038460036.

Introduction: Real estate transactions are a vital component of Nigeria’s economy, encompassing residential, commercial, and industrial properties. The Nigeria Finance Act 2019 introduced significant changes to the tax landscape, including provisions that impact real estate transactions. These changes affect property developers, buyers, sellers, and investors alike. In this article, we will explore the key implications of the Finance Act 2019 on real estate transactions in Nigeria. 1. Capital Gains Tax on Real Estate Transactions: The Finance Act 2019 introduced changes to the capital gains tax (CGT) regime for real estate transactions. Previously, only individuals were subject to CGT on gains from the sale of real estate properties. However, under the Act, companies are now required to pay CGT on profits from the disposal of real estate properties. This change aims to create a level playing field and ensure that companies contribute their fair share of taxes on real estate transactions. 2. Stamp Duty on Real Estate Agreements: Stamp duty is a key revenue generator for the government and applies to various legal documents, including real estate agreements. The Finance Act 2019 expanded the scope of chargeable transactions subject to stamp duty, including lease and rental agreements. It also introduced an electronic stamping system to enhance efficiency in stamp duty collection. Real estate stakeholders must be aware of the revised stamp duty rates and ensure proper compliance. 3. Value Added Tax (VAT) on Real Estate Transactions: While VAT was previously not applicable to residential rental income, the Finance Act 2019 introduced VAT on residential rental income exceeding ₦10 million per annum. This change affects property owners and tenants, potentially leading to increased rental costs for luxury properties. Additionally, VAT on construction services may impact property development costs. 4. Withholding Tax on Real Estate Transactions: The Act introduced withholding tax obligations for real estate transactions. For instance, where a company makes a payment to a non-resident for services related to real estate, it must deduct withholding tax and remit it to the tax authorities. This measure enhances tax compliance and revenue collection in the real estate sector. 5. Implications for Real Estate Developers and Investors: Real estate developers and investors should carefully consider the implications of the Finance Act 2019 on their projects and investments. The changes in CGT, stamp duty, VAT, and withholding tax affect the overall cost structure and return on investment. Strategic planning and accurate tax assessment are crucial to optimize financial outcomes. 6. Compliance and Professional Guidance: Adhering to the tax provisions of the Finance Act 2019 is essential to avoid penalties and legal consequences. Real estate stakeholders must maintain proper records, calculate tax liabilities accurately, and meet reporting requirements. Seeking professional guidance from accounting and tax experts ensures compliance and maximizes the benefits of real estate transactions. Conclusion: The Nigeria Finance Act 2019 has introduced substantial changes to the tax landscape for real estate transactions. The revisions in CGT, stamp duty, VAT, and withholding tax impact property developers, buyers, sellers, and investors. Understanding and complying with these changes are crucial to navigating the evolving real estate sector. By embracing these changes and adopting effective tax planning strategies, stakeholders can contribute to a transparent and sustainable real estate industry that supports economic growth and development in Nigeria. For professional advice on Accountancy, Transfer Pricing, Tax, Assurance, Outsourcing, online accounting support, Company Registration, and CAC matters, please contact Sunmola David & CO (Chartered Accountants & Tax Practitioners) at Lagos, Ogun state Nigeria offices, www.sunmoladavid.com. You can also reach us via WhatsApp at +2348038460036.

Introduction: Tax amnesties have become a tool for governments to encourage voluntary compliance, regularize outstanding tax matters, and boost revenue collection. The Nigeria Finance Act 2019 introduced tax amnesty provisions aimed at providing taxpayers with an opportunity to resolve their tax liabilities and contribute to a more robust and transparent tax system. In this article, we will delve into the key features of the tax amnesty provisions under the Finance Act 2019 and their implications for individuals and businesses in Nigeria. 1. Voluntary Assets and Income Declaration Scheme (VAIDS): The Nigeria Finance Act 2019 builds upon the Voluntary Assets and Income Declaration Scheme (VAIDS), which was launched in 2017. VAIDS offered taxpayers a window of opportunity to regularize their tax affairs and declare undisclosed income and assets. The Finance Act extends certain aspects of VAIDS to provide taxpayers with another chance to rectify their tax obligations. 2. Tax Relief and Amnesty: The tax amnesty provisions offer relief to taxpayers who choose to declare their previously undisclosed income and assets. Under the Finance Act 2019, taxpayers who voluntarily disclose their tax liabilities are granted immunity from prosecution for tax-related offenses and are exempt from paying penalties and interest on the declared tax liabilities. 3. Limited Time Window: The tax amnesty provisions specify a limited time window during which taxpayers can take advantage of the amnesty benefits. This encourages taxpayers to come forward and declare their previously undisclosed income and assets within the prescribed period. After the amnesty window closes, taxpayers will be subject to regular tax assessments, penalties, and interest. 4. Eligibility and Scope: The tax amnesty provisions apply to a wide range of tax liabilities, including income tax, value-added tax (VAT), withholding tax, and capital gains tax. Eligibility criteria and specific requirements for availing the tax amnesty benefits are outlined in the Finance Act 2019. Taxpayers must adhere to these guidelines to ensure their participation in the amnesty program. 5. Benefits for Taxpayers: Participating in the tax amnesty program offers several benefits to taxpayers. It provides a means to resolve outstanding tax liabilities without the burden of penalties and interest charges. Additionally, taxpayers who avail the amnesty provisions contribute to a more transparent and equitable tax system, fostering a culture of voluntary compliance. 6. Professional Guidance and Compliance: Navigating the tax amnesty provisions and ensuring compliance can be complex, especially for individuals and businesses with intricate financial affairs. Seeking professional guidance from accounting and tax experts is crucial to maximize the benefits of the tax amnesty program. Professionals can assist taxpayers in accurately calculating their liabilities, preparing required documentation, and ensuring compliance with all stipulated requirements. Conclusion: The tax amnesty provisions introduced by the Nigeria Finance Act 2019 offer taxpayers an opportunity to rectify their tax affairs, regularize their previously undisclosed income and assets, and contribute to a more robust tax system. By taking advantage of the limited-time amnesty window, individuals and businesses can resolve their tax liabilities without facing penalties and interest charges. By participating in the tax amnesty program, taxpayers can align with Nigeria’s efforts to enhance voluntary tax compliance, strengthen revenue generation, and support the nation’s economic growth and development. The tax amnesty provisions underscore the government’s commitment to creating a fair and transparent tax environment that benefits both taxpayers and the country as a whole. For professional advice on Accountancy, Transfer Pricing, Tax, Assurance, Outsourcing, online accounting support, Company Registration, and CAC matters, please contact Sunmola David & CO (Chartered Accountants & Tax Practitioners) at Lagos, Ogun state Nigeria offices, www.sunmoladavid.com. You can also reach us via WhatsApp at +2348038460036.

Introduction: Tax evasion and avoidance have long been challenges for tax authorities around the world, impacting revenue collection and distorting the fairness of tax systems. In response to these issues, the Nigeria Finance Act 2019 introduced a range of measures to address tax evasion and avoidance by Nigerian businesses. These measures aim to enhance transparency, plug loopholes, and ensure that businesses contribute their fair share of taxes. In this article, we will delve into the key provisions of the Finance Act 2019 that address tax evasion and avoidance and their implications for Nigerian businesses. 1. Strengthening Transfer Pricing Regulations: Transfer pricing manipulation is a common avenue for tax avoidance. The Finance Act 2019 strengthens transfer pricing regulations to prevent profit shifting and ensure that related party transactions are conducted at arm’s length. The Act requires businesses to maintain comprehensive documentation of their transfer pricing analyses, making it more difficult for companies to manipulate prices and artificially reduce taxable income. 2. Introduction of Controlled Foreign Company (CFC) Rules: The Finance Act 2019 introduced Controlled Foreign Company (CFC) rules to prevent Nigerian companies from shifting profits to low-tax or tax-haven jurisdictions. Under these rules, Nigerian companies with significant ownership in foreign entities are required to report and pay tax on the profits of those foreign entities. This measure helps curb profit shifting and ensures that income earned by foreign entities controlled by Nigerian companies is appropriately taxed. 3. Thin Capitalization Rules: The Act also addresses thin capitalization, a strategy used to create excessive interest deductions through related-party debt. The Finance Act 2019 limits the deductibility of interest expenses on related-party loans to 30% of the company’s earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA). By doing so, the Act prevents companies from inflating interest expenses to reduce taxable income artificially. 4. Mandatory Digital Tax Transactions: Digital transactions are increasingly becoming a focus for tax authorities, as they can be difficult to track and regulate. The Finance Act 2019 introduces measures to ensure that Nigerian businesses engaged in digital transactions, especially with foreign entities, comply with tax obligations. These measures aim to prevent revenue leakage and ensure that digital economy businesses contribute their fair share of taxes. 5. Stricter Penalties for Non-Compliance: The Finance Act 2019 increases penalties for tax evasion and non-compliance with tax regulations. These penalties include substantial fines, interest charges on overdue taxes, and potential criminal sanctions for serious offenses. The Act’s stricter penalties serve as a deterrent and encourage businesses to comply with tax obligations. 6. Encouraging Voluntary Tax Compliance: While the Act introduces measures to address tax evasion and avoidance, it also emphasizes voluntary tax compliance. The Act’s provisions, such as the Taxpayers’ Bill of Rights and technology-driven tax administration, are designed to create a more transparent and efficient tax system. Businesses that proactively comply with tax regulations benefit from reduced exposure to penalties and legal consequences. Conclusion: The Nigeria Finance Act 2019 sends a clear message that tax evasion and avoidance will not be tolerated. The Act introduces a range of measures to enhance transparency, prevent profit shifting, and ensure that businesses contribute their fair share of taxes. Nigerian businesses must recognize the importance of complying with these provisions to avoid penalties, reputational risks, and legal consequences. By embracing the Act’s measures to address tax evasion and avoidance, Nigerian businesses can contribute to a fair and robust tax system that supports economic growth, infrastructure development, and the overall prosperity of the nation. For professional advice on Accountancy, Transfer Pricing, Tax, Assurance, Outsourcing, online accounting support, Company Registration, and CAC matters, please contact Sunmola David & CO (Chartered Accountants & Tax Practitioners) at Lagos, Ogun state Nigeria offices, www.sunmoladavid.com. You can also reach us via WhatsApp at +2348038460036.